应对强对流天气 蔬菜生产防灾减灾要这样做
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, SimHei, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-indent: 2em;">立夏以后，我省天气变化明显加剧，强对流天气将呈多发态势，降水过程增多。为应对不利天气影响，减轻蔬菜生产灾害损失，指导各地科学防灾减灾，提出如下技术指导意见：</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, SimHei, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><strong><span data-index="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;">一、强化设施修护</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, SimHei, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span data-index="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;">设施蔬菜基地要树牢防大灾意识，克服麻痹、侥幸心理，切实做好雷暴大风天气防范工作。一是加固设施。棚内务必增设（加密）立柱，对使用多年的旧竹竿、立柱、钢丝等要及时检查并加固，提高大棚抗大风暴雨能力。拉好大棚压膜绳，确保棚膜覆盖严实，避免大风吹开棚膜，在进行压膜操作时可在压膜绳下面垫上布条或者其他物体，以减少压膜绳和骨架对棚膜造成损伤。二是及时修复。大风暴雨天气来临前应及时检查棚膜破损情况，有漏洞的及时修补，以免棚内进风，造成棚膜鼓破甚至棚体倒塌。大风暴雨天气过后，对受损的大棚、棚膜，要进行整修、增加支撑、补充压膜绳等，避免次生灾害。尤其注意雨后棚脚容易松动，要及时检修加固，防止大棚倒塌。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, SimHei, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span data-index="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;"><br/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, SimHei, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><strong><span data-index="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;">二、强化降涝排渍</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, SimHei, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span data-index="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;">设施蔬菜基地要及时清理、疏通围沟，以防雨水灌入棚内。未设置排水沟的大棚，一定要抓紧时间疏通，可在大棚四周抢挖宽30厘米、深40厘米的排水沟。露地蔬菜基地要做到腰沟、厢沟、围沟三沟相通，确保雨下快排，雨止沟干，畦面厢沟无积水。对地势低洼内河水位高的地区，组织电泵排水，加快排水速度和降低地下水位。受淹菜地应尽早排除田间积水，减少淹渍时间，减轻受害程度，保护蔬菜根系健康生长，减少因积水和渍害导致的蔬菜窒息死亡，避免蔬菜提早罢园。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, SimHei, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span data-index="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;"><br/></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, SimHei, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><strong><span data-index="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;">三、强化科学田管</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Microsoft YaHei, Source Han Sans SC, Noto Sans CJK SC, SimHei, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span data-index="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;">一是植株管理。及时扶正倒伏的蔬菜植株，摘除腐烂枝叶，减少相互挤压，并适当培土壅根。二是中耕松土。雨后土壤板结，待土壤干爽时及时进行中耕松土，以改善土壤结构，提高根系活力，防止沤根和土传病害的发生。三是及时追肥。暴雨过后蔬菜根系吸收水肥的能力较差，在蔬菜恢复正常生长之前，不能施速效肥，可结合病害预防，及时喷施叶面肥，一般可用0.2%的磷酸二氢钾+0.5%尿素液喷施，促进蔬菜迅速恢复生机。四是病虫害防治。暴雨天气造成湿度增大，易引发病虫害，主要病虫害有：疫病、炭疽病、根腐病、枯萎病、霜霉病、白粉病；烟粉虱、豆野螟、小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾等。应及时拔除病株，带出田外深埋，及时喷药保护与防治。坚持“预防为主、综合防治”，优先开展绿色防控，科学使用农药。农药防治需注意安全间隔期及在雨住天晴后进行。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; 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