健康蔡甸 | 疫苗接种第二针不能这样打！
<p><p style="color: rgb(164, 56, 56); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">国家卫健委5月8日通报</span></p><p style="color: rgb(164, 56, 56); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">全国新冠病毒疫苗接种已超3亿剂次</span></p><p style="color: rgb(164, 56, 56); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3月27日突破1亿剂次</span></p><p style="color: rgb(164, 56, 56); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4月21日超过2亿剂次</span></p><p style="color: rgb(164, 56, 56); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">从高风险、重点人群，到普通人群</span></p><p style="color: rgb(164, 56, 56); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">这场新中国成立以来规模最大的疫苗接种</span></p><p style="color: rgb(164, 56, 56); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">进程不断加快</span></p><section style="color: rgb(164, 56, 56);font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 2;color: rgb(164, 56, 56);"><section style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"></section><section style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br/></section><section style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">随着新冠病毒疫苗接种者的增多<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></section><section style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">大家对疫苗第二针的疑问也越来越多</span></section><section style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">病毒变异会影响疫苗效力吗？</span></strong></section><section style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">为什么要打第二针？</span></strong></section><section style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">可以提前或者推后打第二针吗？</span></strong></section><section style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">近日，广州市疾控中心</span></section><section style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">副主任张周斌</span></section><section style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">对大众关心的热点问题进行答疑</span></section><section style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br/></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin: 10px 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 2px;margin-left: 0%;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: 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top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 0%;height: auto;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;margin-right: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 1px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 6px;height: 6px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(129, 205, 250);box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(129, 205, 250, 0.09);padding: 10px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(83, 124, 172);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">问：目前内地的疫苗对变种病毒的效果如何？</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">答：病毒的变异情况一直是国家和疫苗研发单位和生产单位高度关注的问题。病毒变异是一个全球都关注的问题，从全球对病毒变异的监测情况看，<strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">目前尚无证据证明病毒变异会使现有的疫苗失效。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">我们的疫苗生产企业在国家联防联控机制的支持下，也会持续地对变异株进行监测和应对。不管怎么说，变异的病毒只是一部分，我国的疫苗已经明确了对普遍流行的毒株有很好的保护作用，大家应该在国家的部署下，尽快接种新冠病毒疫苗，迅速建立人群免疫屏障。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong>问：有部分人出现了偶合的不良反应，担心第二针会更明显，所以下不了决心打第二针。第二针不良反应率和第一针有差别吗？对于第一针出现一些一般不良反应的人打第二针有什么建议？</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">答：偶合反应是指受种者在接种时正处于某种疾病的潜伏期或者前驱期，<span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong>预防接种后巧合发病，与疫苗接种没有直接的关系，不影响第二剂的接种。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">如果接种第一剂后出现过敏反应，接种者应当及时向接种单位反映这种情况，经过异常反应调查诊断专家组诊断，确定是新冠疫苗造成的过敏反应，这种情况就是接种禁忌症了，无需再接种第二针了。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">问：有说法指首剂接种后2到3周内必须接种第二剂，“超时”就前功尽弃，是这样吗？为什么限定第二针要在3~8周内进行，提早或者推迟会怎么样？</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">答：和其他疫苗一样，新冠病毒疫苗后续剂次没能按时接种，迟种并不会影响保护效果。《新冠病毒疫苗接种技术指南（第一版）》明确指出，“未按程序完成接种者，建议尽早补种。免疫程序无需重新开始，补种完相应剂次即可。”<span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong>第1剂不会白打，不存在前功尽弃的情况。</strong></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">对于灭活疫苗，接种第一剂后，短时间内人体可能会产生抗体，但这个抗体滴度是不够的，无法产生较好的保护作用，持续时间也非常短。只有通过再次接种，再次刺激人体免疫系统，由于有了首剂的免疫记忆的存在，产生的免疫应答会比首次强烈很多，产生的抗体水平会大幅升高，持续时间也会大大延长。首剂的免疫记忆的形成是需要时间的，对新冠病毒灭活疫苗来说一般认为是21天，所以<strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">需要间隔不少于21天接种第二剂，提前接种应视为无效接种。</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></p><p style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, 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